Referencing Styles

A guide to the reference styles used at the University of St Andrews

What you need to include:

Print journal article references include:

  • Author(s) of article
  • Year
  • 'Title of article'
  • Title of Journal
  • Volume number and issue/part number
  • Pages

Online journal article references include:

  • Author(s) of article
  • Year
  • 'Title of article'
  • Title of Journal
  • Volume number and issue/part number
  • Pages
  • doi or URL when no doi is available
  • [accessed date] where using a URL in place of a doi

 

Fields marked in blue are only included where the source contains that information.

The basic In-text citation format is:

(Surname Year: page)

The Basic Bibliography entry format is:

Surname, First Name. Year. 'Article title', Journal Title, Volume number.Issue number, pp. xx-xx

In-text citation:

(Black and Barnes 2015: 425)

Bibliography entry:

Black, Jessica, and Jennifer L. Barnes. 2015. 'Fiction and social cognition: The effect of viewing award-winning television dramas on the theory of mind', Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 9.4, pp. 423-429

Example of journal cover page Example of journal article first page

 

In-text citation:

(Kemp et al. 2014: 97)

Bibliography entry:

Kemp, Eva, and others. 2014. 'Attentional retraining can reduce chocolate consumption', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 20.1, pp. 94-102, doi: 10.1037/xap0000005

Example of journal article first page

In-text citation:

(Balfour 2006: 741) 

Bibliography entry:

Balfour, Gillian. 2006. 'Re-imagining a feminist criminology', Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 48.5, pp. 735-752 <https://muse-jhu-edu.ezproxy.st-andrews.ac.uk/pub/50/article/203985> [accessed 10 October 2024]

Example journal article first page

Footnote:

  • Authors Surname only
  • For multiple authors follow the advice the Author Rules tab
  • Provide the Year of Publication
  • Provide the page number you are referring to

Bibliography

  • With journal articles, include the details of the article and the journal it is published in
  • The first author name is given as Surname, First name.
  • Second and subsequent author names are given in the format of First Name Surname
  • For multiple authors follow the advice in the Author Rules tab
  • Year of Publication follows the author(s)
  • The article title is given within 'single quotation marks'.
  • Journal Title is always italicised, and given in full
  • Volume and part/issue number is given
  • Page numbers for the article are given
  • For Online articles provide details of the doi or URL where no doi is given
  • For online articles provide the details of the date accessed where a URL is used in place of a doi.