Referencing Styles

A guide to the reference styles used at the University of St Andrews

What you need to include, and types of books

Book references include:

  • Author(s)
  • Year
  • Title
  • Editor(s) / Translator(s)
  • Edition Statement
  • Volume
  • Publisher

 

E-book references include:

  • Author(s)
  • Year
  • Title
  • Editor(s) / Translator(s)
  • Edition Statement
  • Volume
  • Publisher
  • doi

 

Fields marked in blue are only included where the source contains that information.

The basic In-text citation format is:

(Surname Year: page)

The Basic Bibliography entry format is:

Surname, First Name. Year. Title of book. (Publisher)

In-text citation:

(Thomson, Cate and Chapin 2005: 42)

Bibliography entry:

Thomson, Richard, Phillip Dennis Cate, and Mary Weavin Chapin. 2005. Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre (National Gallery of Art in association with Princeton University Press)

With ebooks you provide the same information as you would with a print book, if an ebook has a doi you should provide this at the end.

In-text citation:

(Burkan 2020: 121) 

Bibliography entry:

Burkan, Nathan. 2020. Adventures of a Jazz Age Lawyer: And the Making of American Popular Culture (University of California Press, doi:10.1525/9780520969759

In-text citations:

  • Authors Surnames are given
  • For multiple authors follow the advice the Author Rules tab
  • Provide the year of publication, and the page number if referring to a particular page or section.

Bibliography

  • The first author / editor name is given as Surname, First name.
  • Second and subsequent author / editor names are given in the format of First Name Surname
  • For multiple authors follow the advice in the Author Rules tab
  • Title is followed by year of publication
  • Title is always italicised, and given in full
  • Place of publication is given in brackets
  • Where an ebook has a doi include this at the end of the reference.