Referencing Styles
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- Referencing something mentioned in another source (Secondary Referencing)
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New Edition
This information applies to the 6th Edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. A 7th edition of the manual is now published. ONLY USE THE INFORMATION HERE IF YOU KNOW YOU NEED TO USE THE 6TH EDITION AND NOT THE 7TH.
About APA
APA - American Psychological Association referencing style is a system of in-text citations and a reference list.
In-text citations:
- (Author Surname, Year of Publications) when referring to a whole work OR
- (Author Surname, Year of Publication, page number) when quoting of referring to a specific page or page range.
Where the Author's name is mentioned within your text, there's no need to include this within the in-text citation.
Examples:
Developmental psychology can be defined as the study of psychological changes in humans over their lifetime (Boslaugh, 2011, p.1).
OR
Boslaugh (2011) defines developmental psychology as "the study of psychological changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives" (p.1).
Reference list:
- Comes at the end of your document (on a new page);
- Lists all the sources you have cited;
- Is alphabetically arranged by surname of the first author/editor;
- Contains full details of the sources you have cited - these vary depending on the type of publication, see the dropdown menu in the APA tab to view examples.
- Is double-line spaced.
- Uses hanging indents where a reference is more than one line long.
The definitive source for APA referencing style is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition.
- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by American Psychological Association StaffISBN: 9781433805592Publication Date: 20096th edition.
The definitive authority on APA style - Concise Rules of APA Style by American Psychological Association StaffISBN: 9781433805608Publication Date: 20096th edition
- Frequently Asked Questions about APADesigned by the American Psychological Association to provide clarity on frequent areas of confusion.
- Last Updated: Oct 30, 2024 1:57 PM
- URL: https://libguides.st-andrews.ac.uk/Referencing_styles
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